8. Communication systems
Today's topics
Various communication systems
Human power and psychology
Authority in the net age
Communication systems
Facebook, Twitter, LINE, email, ...
Most important application in the network age
Useful and interesting
Not many things are useful and interesting at the same time
Exceptions = cars, cameras, etc.
Old communication methods
Gestures
Conversations
Writings
Old technological support for communication
Signal fire
https://gyazo.com/aad67c1ddb8657898853ab406441dbba
Flag signaling
https://gyazo.com/fa483d4e34fe2566f8c80b11149c28f2
Old technologies for communication
Mail service (snail mail)
Telephone
Fax
Old communication tools on computers
E-mail
BBS (on DOS, etc.)
Netnews (on Unix machines)
Mailing List
New communication tools on the net
Chat systems
Skype, LINE, Slack, HipChat, ...
Blogs
SNS
mixi, Facebook, Google+,
Twitter, Tumblr, Pinterest, ...
Clubhouse
Scrapbox
Half duplex and full duplex communication
Half duplex
Send and receive data alternately
Cannot send data while receiving data
Phones
Two people cannot talk at the same time
Full duplex
Sending and receiving data simultaneously
Full-duplex
Like Odakyu
https://gyazo.com/c5f906543e7d6ef7696daa95f4885d33.png
Half-duplex
Like Enoden
https://gyazo.com/9ddc4c16d201c1ca16136e5249628e4f.png
Communication trends
Sharing informatino in the whole world
Collective intelligence
E-mail
Older than Web
Half-duplex
Available even before the Internet age
Exchanging messages between servers
Calling nearby servers several times a day
e.g. 9600bps (bit per second)
Took one day until delivered
Many messages were lost by accidents
Modern e-mail systems
Messages are sent directly and instantly
After 1990-
Using SMTP
E-mail on mobile phones
Messages are exchanged via carriers (NTT, etc.)
Non-internet connection
Most mobile phones are not connected to Internet directly
E-mail on smartphones
Same as mail systems on PC
Direct connection to Internet
GMail
Comuunicate to Google server
Closed in Google.com ?
E-mail troubles
Can't tell if the message will be delivered
Can't tell if the message was delivered
Can't tell whether the message was read
Can't correct errors after the message was sent
Fake sender information possible
Messages can be sent to anybody
spam
SPAM
https://gyazo.com/6ca23c08387bd6a6689c01bd948b034f
SPAM (Monty Python)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bW4vEo1F4E
E-mail troubles
Can't deny sent messages
You have know the address beforehand
Text-only
Addresses can be easily misspelled
An address can't be shared by people
Cannot access from browsers
Gyamm: Converting mail to Web pages (currently not running)
E-mail message cannot be seen on browsers
Converting e-mail messages to Web pages
Future of e-mail systrem
Too many problems
We need a better system in the future
Is mail dead?
http://www.chatwork.com/ja/ http://gyazo.com/8fa304bab23717599fdae26e451d4a2d.png
E-mail will not die out
Used for various authentication
e.g. Changing password via e-mail
Mailing lists
Deliver messages from one account
Sharing information between people
Messages are distributed from one server
Server settings should be modified
Administration privilege required
Automatically creation
Creating a ML by sending a message to nonexisting address
ML service @ SFC (not working)
xxxx@qml.sfc.keio.ac.jp
Random-access = stock' information
Sequential = flow information
Stock and flow
https://gyazo.com/3c088c173b1209073eba3a221eee0068.png
Originally financial terms
"Cash stock"
"Cash flow"
Stock information
Random access from users
Links and associations
Examples
Web pages
Wiki
Index pages
Flow information
Sent ccasionary
Browsed sequentially
Examples
E-mail messages
BBS articles
Twitter
RSS
Conversion between flow information and stock information
Flow information => stock information
Write a memo while listening
Create an Web page from ML discussions
Remember after listening
Togetter
Stock information => flow information
Write a blog article using info on the memo
Send RSS
Slack notification
Speak someting using the brain
Types of e-mail messages on a party
Announcement = (flow)
Tell the date/location = (stock)
Detailed information = (stock)
Attendants list = (stock)
Urgent information = (flow)
Sharing party pictures = (stock)
Integration of stock info and flow info on ML
Integrating Wiki and ML
Stock info and flow info
http://gyazo.com/ea51bd3046b7eb70e99271cf1011f98f.png
Sharing photos
http://gyazo.com/8b33caf3c7e944c2c63bafc5875710fa.png
History of SNS and chat
Friendstar
mixi
Gree
Kinugasa
orcut
Google+
twitter
Facebook
Slack
HipChat
LINE
Mastodon
Snapchat
ChatWork
Clubhouse
Mastodon
https://gyazo.com/8463d45884937df9301f6d322ab41f1a
Drag&Drop files to face icons
http://gyazo.com/a8d7098128d22ff1168e3e8cc004f670.png
Visualize friend relations
http://gyazo.com/b301360b7ad7f88e067d532f543a86dc.png
GooglePlus
Use "circles" to manage friends
http://gyazo.com/a881d55c9e73d6b931614d52553f4383.png
Problem of chat systems
Half-duplex
Cannot reply until somebody stops conversation
Topics intermingled
Difficult to stop conversation
Waiting for reply
A: Start conversation
B: Reply to A
A: (Go to bathroom)
B: (ﾟДﾟ).｡oO(What is A doing?)
Intermingled topics
A: Talking about topic1
/masui/増井俊之.icon Interesting! 2020/06/12 12:07:04
A: Start talking abou topic 2
B: Reply to topic 1
A: Start topic 3
B (ﾟДﾟ).｡oO(I cannot go back to topic 1...)
Chat with Scrapbox
Full-duplex communication
Can reply to anything
Simultaneous chats
Necessary or remote work
https://i.gyazo.com/471d8cab15bf364febe29e6f2cafb5ad.gif
https://gyazo.com/a6adc173e6e9beba4e674ff8657257e6
How to collect high-quality information
Many users
「Web2.0」
Power of "self-satisfaction"
Web2.0
Coind by Tim O'reilly in 2005
Web 2.0 (also known as Participative (or Participatory) and Social Web) refers to websites that emphasize user-generated content, ease of use, participatory culture and interoperability (i.e., compatible with other products, systems, and devices) for end users.
The new Web where everyone can post information
Common in 2020
Keywords for Web2.0
Human work and Data sharing
Share information by collaborative work
Examples of human power
Google
CAPTCHA
Recomendation systems
Wikipedia
Ideology of the Web
Tim Berners-Lee created the Web for information sharing
Old Netscape
Netscape Navigator (browser)
Netscape Mail and Newsgroups (mail / news)
Netscape Composer (editing Web pages)
Berners-Lee's concept considered
Tim Berners-Lee
Inventor of the Web
HTML, HTTP, etc.
https://gyazo.com/fd89fe66bd047ba2bd24bd5260c7d71e
Netscape Composer
https://gyazo.com/2e34ee704a46b7305e314c3c0c262fc0
How to collect high-quality data from users
Many users
Give self-satisfaction to users
The power of self-satisfaction
Key to the success of Web2.0 systems
自己満足 or 自慢 {Self-satisfaction or bragging}
Self-satisfaction in hobbies
Flower arrangement ceremonies
Showing pictures after climbing mountains
Piano concert
Not satisfied enogh just by playing alone
Self-satisfaction on the Net
Writing a code for open source projects
Writing blogs
SNS
Posting information
Wikipedia
Everything is compiled by humans
Creating an entry
Creating the contents
Creating links
Example: How much work required to comile a dictionary with 100,000 entries?
1000 users => 100 words/user
10000 users => 10 words/user
Pretty easy if many users collaborate
Editable on the Wiki
Not popular at all
Small user group
People are not interested
No satisfaction after editing
SocialIME
Web-based Japanese input system
System evolves with people's usage patterns
Now getting popular
Dictionary is not open to the public
Open-source
Bragging programming skills
Self-satisfied when the system becomes popular
Blog
Telling others how smart you are
Telling others how cool you are
SNS
Telling others you have many friends
Telling others what you did
Telling others you are reading cool books
Useful for managing your books
http://gyazo.com/4401b49e940bb988040ec683a225ef3e.png
Not many people posted information
No self-satisfaction
Just knowing a place is not appreciated
http://gyazo.com/c45569af74ed60dcf966b1f4ee6cc40b.png
Handling collective intelligence
Recomendation systems
Clustering systems
Decision trees
SVM
Recommendation systems
Collaborative filtering
Firefly = first collaborative filtering service
Firefly
Users register their favorite musics
Compare with other data
Registration is tiring
Last.fm
Information gathered just by listening to music
No need for initial registration
Various calculation from Hondana.org data
Programming in Japanese
Not just for recommendation
http://gyazo.com/799c821b58a5f5e1d7f1e13571f658ff.png
Problems of social recommendation systems
Difficult to recommend precious info
Good restaurant
Nice place
Difficult to find people who has good taste
Somebody's bookshelf
What if somebody you don't like recommends good books?
Number of participants limited
Members know the recommender
http://gyazo.com/9afe51fa8c6bebf9eb6f2e37d8c989e2.png
Users can select a category
Not selecting a person
Only one aspect of the person is important
Requirements for future communication systems
Used in the real world
Sharing image/sound data
YouTube, Gyazo
Simple, useful, and secure
Towards safe and comfortable communication systems
Troubles on the net
spam
Causes of troubles
You can't see how angry the person on the other side is
All the messages (including mistakes) are visible
Can't stop because other people are watching
Nobody stops writing until he feels he won
Conclusions
Communication systems are so important
We need excellent new systems
Facebook and twitter are not the final solution
What is authority?
Something accepted by other authorities
e.g. graduation, paper review
Paper reviews
Review by professionals
Required for publication on journals
Sometimes no review required
No review for books
New authorities in the net age
Authority by many supporters on the net
Many 'likes'
Many access
Curators are sometimes more appreciated than creators
Paper archive on the Web
No paper review
More and more users
Paper management systems
Reputation on such site may become authority